John Walker stole lots of onions and he
was thrown in jail . The punishments were you had to turn a handle none stop. The police came every hour and tightened a screw to make it harder to spin round. The punishment were really grouse in the days, and in the schools the teacher would cane children if they misbehaved. The police force would use a whistle and they would call it a peeler.
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A scold’s bridle was a particularly unpleasant form of punishment. A woman would have been forced to sit in full view of the other in mates wearing the bridle which prevented her from speaking. Pupils would have to stand at the back of the class wearing a hat saying ‘dunce’ as a punishment. Teachers nowadays are nicer than the ones them days they used to beat their pupils to tell them that they had to behave. Children who didn’t want to be caned on their hands got caned on their back instead and out of all the school them days a girl called Sarah got over 80 a day.
Sometimes the punishments never got to them they just kept talking and talking the teacher warned then if they said a word without their teacher telling them to they would get 4 canes. A punishment for teachers was that they had to wear scolds in front of their class and their children would be forced to laugh at them to make them feel bad! Men and sometimes women would have to reel a wooden stick 1050 times non –stop. People were hung for either stealing assault. Children were put in a stock or a table learning their spellings as they had being learning them for a certain year and at the end of the school they should have known them.
In their cells they had a rusty bed and a mattress about a pinkie thick a thin blanket and a bowl underneath the bed.
VICTORIAN POLICE FORCE
The first bike didn’t appear until 1870. Before then they had to run before they got a bike.
The hand cuffs are made out of steal, this is so it makes it hard to get out of them.
Victorians
Britain managed to build a big empire during Victorian period. It was also a tremendous change to the people in Britain. In 1837 most people live in villages and worked on land by 1901, most people work in town or offices, shops and factories.
The Victorian period saw many major developments that made travel, communications and trade easier for many people. The railways allowed people to travel cheaply and rapidly, opening up new possibilities for both rich and poor. The postal service expanded after the introduction of the ‘Penny Post’.
Many of the things we take for granted today, such as photography, telephones, electric light bulbs and cars were invented during Queen Victoria’s reign.
Click here to go to our Victorian Invention Timeline
The first photographs were taken in the 1830s. Within a few years most towns had a photographic studio where families went dressed in their best clothes to have their picture taken. They had to stand still for a long time, otherwise the picture would be blurred!
| Did you know? |
| The word photography is derived from the Greek words for light and writing. |
Electric Telegraph developed by William Cooke and Charles Wheastone. Swinging needles transmit message in code in 1858.
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
The first cars appeared during the Victorian times, but only rich people could afford them. Early car drivers were required to have a special attendant walking in front of the car, holding a red flag as a warning.
The German engineer Karl Benz built the first motorcar in 1885. It was a three-wheeled vehicle powered by a one-cylinder gasoline engine. The speed limit for cars was four miles per hour.
Guglielmo Marconi, from Italy, is credited with the discovery of radio in 1895. We can’t really say he “invented” radio. Nobody ever does invent anything from scratch as each “invention” is the consequence of many previous discoveries and researches (in this case especially those done by James Clerk Maxwell, Sir Oliver Lodge, and Heinrich Hertz.
Bicycles became very popular in the 1870s.Invention of the penny-farthing bicycle. by British engineer, James Starley. The huge front wheel was almost six feet from top to bottom. and the seat was above the wheel. It had no brakes! This design was used until about 1880 when a bicycle with equal-sized wheels was developed.
Thomas Twyford built the first one-piece toilet. Twyford’s model was also the first constructed of china, much easier to clean than the previous wood or metal models.
Sir Rowland Hill, a retired teacher, introduced a pre-paid penny post for letters in Britain in 1840. Up to this time the person receiving the letter had to pay for it. With the invention of the stamp, the person sending the letter had to pay.
The Penny Black stamp is the world’s first adhesive postage stamp, and is perhaps the most famous stamp ever issued. It was a one penny stamp with Queen Victoria’s profile against a black background and was produced in 1840. It was used for letters weighing less than half an ounce. For heavier letters the Twopenny Blue was used, which was similar, except that its background was blue.
After the invention of the electric light bulb by Thomas Edison (USA) and Joseph Swan (UK) in 1879, electric light started to replace the dim, yellow gas light, oil lamps and candlelight. Some towns were lit by electricity too, making them more welcoming at night.
Steam was used to power factory machinery, ships and trains. Great iron steamships were built made crossing the ocean faster than ever before. Many people left Britain, sailing away to start a new life in Canada or Australia.
By the 1880s steam power was also being used to turn dynamos in power stations in order to make electricity.
The 1840s was a time of railway madness. Trains were cheaper and faster than canal boats or horse drawn carriages. The first steam trains had appeared before Victoria’s reign. But in the 1840s and early 1850s private companies built 8,000 miles (13,000 kilometres) of railways all over Britain.
The very first electric train was invented by a German in 1879. Electric trains were quieter than and not as dirty as steam trains but it was many years before they were used for passengers
Most Victorian houses have a fireplace.Without vacuum cleaners or washing machines cleaning the house would be very hard work.Most people in the Victorian era moved into cities and town to find work in factories. People crowded into houses that were already full. Some of the rooms were rented out to either one family or several.
Victorian Christmas day
On Christmas day the children open there breakfast.
The tradition of giving gifts is thought to be related to the gifts from the wise men brought to Jesus.
Family presents are open either late morning or afternoon.
The family gather together to open their presents found under the Christmas tree.
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1838
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The first photograph taken, by Louis Daguerre in France and William Henry Fox-Talbot in Britain. |
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1839
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W.H. Fox-Talbot invented light sensitive photographic paper to produce photographs. |
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1839
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A Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick Macmillan invented the first pedal bicycle. His machine was propelled by pedals, cranks and drive rods. |
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1839
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 The first paddle steamships by Isambard Kingdom Brunel |
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1840
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The first postage stamps (Penny Post) came into use. |
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1840
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The first bicycle to have pedals invented by Kirkpatrick Macmillan (Scottish man) |
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1843
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The first Christmas card was designed by John Calcott Horsely. Find out more |
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1844
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The first Morse Code message is sent. Invented by an American called Samuel Morse in 1837. |
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1845
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Rubber tyres invented. Robert Thomson discovered that rubber tyres filled with air (pneumatic) gave a far more comfortable ride for passengers than solid tyres, but they were too expensive. |
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1845
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London Road in Nottingham became the first road to be covered with tarmac (tarmacadam). Before this people had to suffer with roads made from cobbles ( round stones) and pot holes. |
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1846
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Sewing Machine invented by Elias Howe |
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1849
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Concrete developed by Monier. Concrete was cheap to make and opened up new possibilities for building. |
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1849
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 Englishman George Cayley built the first glider to fly by a pilot. |
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1850s |
The first post boxes are built |
| 1850 | Petrol Developed |
| 1850 | Isaac Singer produced a sewing machine which could be used at home. |
| 1851 | Ice Cream is invented by Jacob Fussell, in the USA |
| 1852 | The first public flushing toilet opens in London. Before the 1850s most people had to use an earth closet, which was a toilet outside the house with just soil in it and no water. |
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1854
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Henry Bessemer found a way to convert iron into steel, which was both stronger and lighter than iron. This made it possible to build huge structures such as bridges and ships. |
| 1855 | Lunstrom’s new safety match first gains recognition |
| 1856 | Louis Pasteur found how to make food safer to eat by pasteurizing it. This killed bacteria in certain foods. |
| 1859 | Oil discovered in the USA leads to the birth of the modern oil industry. |
| 1860 |  The first horse-drawn tram |
| 1863 | The world’s first underground railway (the Tube) is opened in London. It is powered by steam. |
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1864
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 The world’s first jelly babies were made by an Austrian called Herr Steinbeck in Lancashire. |
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1872
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 Invention of the penny-farthing bicycle. by British engineer, James Starley. The huge front wheel was almost six feet from top to bottom. and the seat was above the wheel. It had no brakes! |
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1873
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Typewriter invented by Christopher Sholes |
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1875
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The first chocolate Easter eggs were made by Fry’s of Bristol. |
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1876 |
 Alexander Bell, a Scotsman living in America, invented the telephone on 7 March 1876. By 10 March 10 his apparatus was so good that the first complete sentence transmitted, “Watson, come here; I want you,”was distinctly heard by his assistant. |
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1877
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The world’s first recording of the human voice is heard when the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison, recited ‘Mary Had A Little Lamb’ and played it back |
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1878
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Electric street lighting began in London, replacing the old gas lamps, which had to be lit by hand every evening. (Michael Faraday discovered electricity) |
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1879
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The electric light bulb invented by Swan and Edison for home use. |
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1885
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Safety Bicycle invented. It had a chain, sprocket driven rear wheel and equally sized wheels. |
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1883
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First electric railway opened |
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1884
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First British electric tram network opened in the seaside town of Blackpool. |
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1885
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First petrol motorcar built by Karl Benz. A three-wheeled vehicle powered by a one-cylinder gasoline engine. The speed limit for cars was four miles per hour. It was increased to 20 miles per hour in 1896. |
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1887 |
The invention of the gramophone by Emile Berliner |
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1888
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John Boyd Dunlop invented pneumatic tyres. |
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1888
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 Photography became even more popular with invention of the Kodak box cameraby American inventor George Eastman. Eastman’s invention of the film roll and camera meant that photography became popular across the world. He named his camera Kodak because he liked the letter ‘K’. |
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1894
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Moving pictures (cinematograph) invented by Lumiere brothers. |
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1890
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The first electric underground train to travel on a public railway ran in London on December 18. |
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1890
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The first comic book to ever be published in Britain was printed. It was called Comic Cuts |
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1891
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The first hydro-electric power station. making electricity from fast flowing water. |
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1895
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X-rays discovered by W K Roentgen |
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1895
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Guillermo Marconi launches the wireless (radio) |
Why are the Victorians so famous?
Britain managed to build a huge empire during the Victorian period. It was also a time of tremendous change in the lives of British people. In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories.
During Queen Victoria’s reign:
ire that had ever existed, ruling a quarter of the world’s population.
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Factories
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| Most people, including children worked a 12 hour day. They had mid-day break for one hour and short breaks for breakfast and tea.Working conditionsMany factory owners put profit above the health and safety of their workers. Children and young women were employed in terrible conditions in textile mills and mines. Furnaces were operated without proper safety checks. Workers in factories and mills were deafened by steam hammers and machinery. hours were long and there were no holidays |
Working conditions
Many factory owners put profit above the health and safety of their workers. 1833 Factory Act,
1842 Mines and Collieries Act
1844 Factory Act:
